超精密微牛级微波离子推进技术及其在卫星超精度控制中的应用研究

空间技术的快速发展使得利用空间卫星的编队飞行构建大型空间星座成为可能，在引力波探测、射电望远镜编队、星座组网等任务方面具有重要作用。超精度控制是实现卫星高精度编队飞行的关键技术。推进系统是实现卫星编队长期高度稳定飞行的保证，从而实现内部科学装置的正确运行。不同于常规的推进系统，卫星精密编队超精度控制对推进系统的推力可调范围、分辨率、响应时间、推力的一致性等有着极高的要求。根据卫星精密编队任务需求，对微牛级推进系统的功能及技术要求进行了分析，提出了基于M2微波离子推力器的卫星超精度控制推进系统。阐述了M2超精密微牛级推进系统的关键技术和研究进展，为后续M2推力器在无拖曳控制方面的应用奠定了基础。     

Online scheduling of distributed Earth observation satellite system under rigid communication constraints

This paper focused on online scheduling of distributed Earth observation satellite system in a dynamic environment. The objective was to maximize the total profit of the overall system by efficiently coordinating the different satellites with stochastic arrival of urgent tasks, subject to rigid communication and observation time window constraints. We formulated this problem as a single-task, single-robot, time-extended assignment problem with intra-schedule dependency using the multi-robot task assignment taxonomy and formulated the sub-problem after releasing urgent tasks in a mixed-integer linear programming model. We first described the online scheduling algorithm for a single satellite, then we proposed the modified consensus-based bundle algorithm (m-CBBA) and modified asynchronous consensus-based bundle algorithm (m-ACBBA) with synchronous and asynchronous communication, respectively. Compared with initial versions of CBBA and ACBBA, the modified versions added the communication loop prediction phases to efficiently utilize scarce communication opportunities and reduce the communication requirements. Additionally, we introduce two contract net protocol (CNP)-based algorithms for comparison, respectively SingleItem-CNP-based (SI-CNP) algorithm and Batch-CNP-based (BA-CNP) algorithm. Computational experiments indicated that both the total profit and percentage of scheduled urgent tasks achieved by the m-ACBBA and m-CBBA algorithms were much higher than those achieved by both SI-CNP and BA-CNP. Additionally, the number of communications needed by either m-ACBBA or m-CBBA algorithm was lower than that by SI-CNP. When the communication cost in the system is high, the m-CBBA algorithm is preferred because it balances the profit and the required number of communications. When the communication cost is low, the m-ACBBA algorithm is preferred because it achieves high total profit and high percentage of scheduled urgent tasks.     

Implementation of tactical maneuvers with maneuver libraries

This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers. First, the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tactical maneuvers required in battlefields. The 7th order polynomial is applied to both the creation of the maneuver libraries and the generation of the trajectories or flight paths for modal inputs. To track the desired trajectory, we design the Attitude Command Attitude Hold (ACAH) system and the Rate Command Rate Hold (RCRH) system using Model Following Controller (MFC). Moreover, the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law is designed. In particular, the CONDUIT® is employed to optimize the gains so that the control systems meet the aircraft Handling Qualities (HQ) criteria. Finally, flight simulations are performed for the longitudinal loop, immelmann-turn, and climb-slalom-descent maneuvers to verify that tactical aggressive maneuvers are realizable via the combination of maneuver libraries. This study can contribute to the development of flight techniques for aircraft tactical maneuvers and to the revision of air force operational manuals.     

基于概率的运载火箭控制系统设计方法研究

针对传统的控制系统极限偏差设计方法导致运载火箭余量大、总体性能下降的问题,综述了基于概率的控制系统设计方法的国内外研究现状,论述了运载火箭控制系统概率设计的基本思想及设计流程,基于概率密度函数建模理论,建立了通过实际控制指令来控制概率密度函数拟合权值的状态空间,并基于最小二乘方法对状态空间中的参数进行了辨识,进而建立了密度函数成型控制模型,提出了基于最优控制理论的运载火箭控制器设计方法,最后通过仿真验证了理论方法的有效性,为我国运载火箭控制系统的精细化设计提供了理论依据。     

导航卫星中断频次的分析方法

面向导航卫星中断频次的定量分析需求,该文分析导航卫星中断产生的主要原因,给出中断频次分析的流程,并针对分析过程中的三个关键问题,研究提出具体实施方法,包括通过相关性分析快速定位底层中断事件,通过中断树建立指标分析模型,并融合在轨数据、地面试验数据快速预估得到底层功能异常率等。最后通过示例进一步说明中断频次分析过程。该文方法已应用于北斗导航卫星工程。     

PWM低速爬行状态系统波动分析

脉宽调制技术（PWM）在自动控制领域有着广泛的应用。然而，在实际工程应用的过程中，包含PWM的系统在低速驱动的条件下难以达到高精度速度指标的要求。在工程实践经验的基础上，对这一问题进行详细分析，提出PWM的截断效应和移频效应引起波动的理论，并结合典型的机电伺服系统模型进行仿真，完成仿真层面的验证。仿真结果展示了机电伺服系统在低转速状态下由于PWM的截断效应引起转速波动的现象，契合了实际系统中表现的情况，验证了截断效应和移频效应的正确性，为提高系统精度指标提供了依据。     

An energy-based coupling degradation propagation model and its application to aviation actuation system

The degradation of components in complex mechatronic systems involves multiple physical processes which will cause coupling interactions among nodes in the system. The interaction of nodes may be carried out not only by physical connections but also by the environment which cannot be described by single network using the traditional methods. In order to give out a unified model to quantitatively describe the coupling degradation spreading by both physical connections and environment, a novel Energy-Flow-Field Network (EFFN) and a coupling degradation model based on EFFN are proposed in this paper. The EFFN is driven by energy flow and the state transition of spatially related nodes is triggered by the dissipation energy. An application is conducted on aviation actuation system in which the degradation spreading by fluid-thermal-solid interaction is considered. The degradation path and the most probable fault reason can be obtained by combining the state transition and energy output of nodes, which is consistent with the given scenario.     

基于IMU/FADS/无线电的火星上升器组合导航方案

以火星采样返回任务中火星表面上升为背景，研究了基于惯性测量单元（Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU）、嵌入式大气数据传感系统（Flush Air Data Sensing System, FADS）和无线电信标的组合导航方法。首先，在传统的IMU导航框架中加入由无线电测量获得的相对距离、速度信息，以及由FADS获取的动压、温度数据，建立了基于IMU、无线电和FADS的导航观测模型；然后，基于无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman Filter, UKF）技术对测量信息进行了融合，并压制了过程噪声和测量噪声，从而对上升器的状态进行了联合估计；最后，在数值仿真中，将UKF与自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波（Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter, AUKF）技术进行了对比，在比较不同滤波器性能的同时，验证了组合导航方法的有效性。     

空间站燃烧科学实验系统设计

建立空间站燃烧实验系统，可满足未来空间微重力燃烧实验系统需求.通过空间站微重力燃烧实验研究，可拓展空间燃烧学研究.根据所要实现的功能及燃烧实验需求，对中国空间站燃烧柜的燃烧科学实验系统进行了设计和分析.燃烧科学实验系统由8个子系统组成，是一个适合开展气、液、固多种燃料燃烧实验的综合性实验系统.考虑到强度设计要求，在完成方案设计后，对系统进行了有限元分析，并在研制的结构件上进行了力学环境实验.实验与分析结果表明，本文设计的实验系统能够满足环模实验的要求，结构合理可行.      

紧凑型横向变焦系统关键器件的设计方法与功能验证

变焦系统可实现连续的光学变焦，可对不同景深的目标实现连续成像。在焦深延拓和光学检测等领域具有广泛地应用和发展潜力。本文提出了一种紧凑型可实现连续变焦功能的扁平化位相衍射元件，并设计分析和验证了横向调制相位型变焦衍射元件的功能。通过标量衍射基本理论模型，借助菲涅尔波带和多台阶相位衍射元件的设计方法，实现了横向变焦关键器件的设计仿真和实验验证。并以多波长响应的空间光调制器为基础，搭建了器件相位调制验证实验系统，通过测试证明了所设计器件的变焦能力，仿真和实验测试均可实现5倍变焦目标的有效调制。